Access Control Models - 1731 Words

ACCESS CONTROL MODELS An access control model is a framework that dictates how subjects access objects. There are three main types of access control model mandatory access control, discretionary access control and role-based access control. Discretionary (DAC) The creator of a file is the ‘owner’ and can grant ownership to others. Access control is at the discretion of the owner. Most common implementation is through access control lists. Discretionary access control is required for the Orange Book â€Å"C† Level. Mandatory (MAC) Much more structured. Is based on security labels and classifications. Access decisions are based on clearance level of the data and clearance level of the user, and, classification of the object. Rules are made†¦show more content†¦Network architecture – Logical controls can provide segregation and protection of an environment. I/P address ranges, subnets, routing between networks, etc. Network Access – Logical network access controls – routers, switches, NICs, bridges. Encryption and Protocols Control Zone – Technical and physical control. Surrounds and protects network devices that emit electrical signals. TEMPEST related. Access Control Types Each control method can also perform different functionality. The functionality types are Preventative Detective Corrective Deterrent Recovery Compensating For example Preventative-Administrative Policies and procedures, effective hiring practices, background checks, data classification, security awareness training. Preventative-Physical Biometrics, badges, swipe cards, guards, dogs, motion detectors, fences, mantraps, locks and alarms. Preventative-Technical Passwords, biometrics, smart cards, encryption, call-back systems, database views, antivirus software, ACLs, firewalls, IDS Auditing Accountability Auditing capabilities ensure that users are held accountable for their actions, verify that policies are enforced, deter improper actions and are an investigative tool. There are 3 main types of audit tool Audit reduction Variance detection Attack-signature detection Audit data must be protected from unauthorized viewing andShow MoreRelatedAccess Control Models And Report Essay2752 Words   |  12 PagesSecurity Research Report Lecturer: Krassie Petrova ACCESS CONTROL MODELS Report Synopsis This research is aimed at conducting a comparative study of the different access control models and report on them. The prescribed text mentions Role Based Access Control in chapter 5 but does not give details on this model and does not provide information on the other access control models. Hence this report seeks to explain the different access control models and compare them based on an analysis of academicRead MoreImportance Of IT Security Models And Access Control843 Words   |  4 Pages IT Security Models and Access Control Management – Corrective â€Å"Corrective controls exist to relieve or decrease the impacts of the danger being showed†(Northcutt,2014). At the point when a representative leaves or is ended, it can be a noteworthy security risk on the off chance that regardless they approach network and friends IT assets. This danger could bring about the unapproved access of framework assets and information. To moderate this risk suitable end controls, arrangements and methodologyRead MoreThe World Of Computer Systems1466 Words   |  6 Pagesof the organisation in other to control â€Å"who gets in†, â€Å"who does what† and â€Å"who sees what†. This duty has seemed to be one of the difficult problems faced by the admin and could turn out bad If not controlled properly (Kizza, 2009). However, due to differences in geographical locations and socio-cultural differences, the users find it challenging to achieve a balance between securing and availability of resources due to the approach of the n umerous access control implemented into distributed systemRead MoreDevelopment of Control and Confidentiality for Database Management Systems896 Words   |  4 Pagesthe area of access control and confidentiality for DBMSs focused on the development of two different classes of models, based on the unrestricted access control policy and on the mandatory access control policy. This early research was transmitting in the framework of relational database systems. The relational data model, being a declarative and high-level model for specifying the logical structure of data, made the development of simple declarative languages for specifying access control policiesRead MoreThe New Ways Of Interaction With The Iot1255 Words   |  6 Pagesopen issues that may hinder the adoption and development of the IoT. Authorization and Access Control in IoT Authorization determines whether an entity (i.e., person or object) is permitted to access a certain resource. Access control means controlling access to resources by granting or denying access according to a wide range of criteria. Authorization is typically implemented through the use of access controls. As expected in IoT there will be an extremely large number of devices with low powerRead MoreManagement Access Control At Lan Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Several buildings spread across a local area network with hundreds or thousands of devices ranging in size from single office computers, a computer network LAN stands for. The main role of LAN computers linked together and to share access to printers, fax machines, data storage, messaging, games, file servers, and other services. LAN aspect of the development of the school, the university, the office building to operate as a small geographic area, quick data transfer. LAN common shareRead MoreIaas Availability Management : Iaas Providers Availability Considerations1204 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus of your virtual servers and network. Access Control : Access requirements must be aware to the client users and system administrators (privileged users) who access network, system, and application resources. The functionalities of access control management include defining who should have access to what resources (Assignment of entitlements to users, and also to audit and report to verify entitlement assignments), why should the users have access to the resource they hold (Assignment of entitlementsRead MoreBasic Concepts Of Access Control System1133 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of access control policies that need to be defined might be in billions. If only one permission is incorrectly granted, a user will be given unsupervised access to information and resources which could jeopardize the security of the entire given social network. Presently, security of information is an indispensable responsibility for all media keeping and sharing information with others. In practice, all applications employ access control methods to protect their information. Access control identifiesRead MoreThe Secrecy Controls Of The Bellla Padula Model1052 Words   |  5 Pages1)Write a set of rules combining the secrecy controls of the BellLa Padula model with the integrity controls of the Biba model. Bell-LaPadula Model is a formal state- transition model of computer security policy that describes a set of access control rules for some objects. It s an access control model for protecting confidentiality. It has been proven that as the information flows from one object to another the system remains in a secure state. We can say that information prohibited in one stateRead MoreA Report On The Cloud Industry1378 Words   |  6 Pagesinfrastructure. Introduction What is an Insider Threat? â€Å"A malicious insider threat to an organization is a current or former employee, contractor, or other business partner who has or had authorized access to an organization s network, system, or data and intentionally exceeded or misused that access in a manner that negatively affected the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the organization s information or information systems.† Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University

Reproductive Cloning Technology Essay - 1795 Words

Reproductive Cloning Cloning has become a major issue in our modern world, from moral, ethical, and religious concerns, to the problem of financial and government support. Human cloning is one of the most controversial topics, and because of this, many of the new important discoveries and beneficial technologies have been overlooked and ignored. Reproductive cloning technology may offer many new possibilities, including hope for endangered species, resources for human organ transplants, and answers to questions concerning cancer, inherited diseases, and aging. The research that led up to the ability to clone mammals started more than a century ago. From frogs to mice to sheep to humans, reproductive cloning promises many possibilities.†¦show more content†¦Gene cloning is a unique and complicated technology that holds answers to many questions, and offers numerous possibilities. The process of gene cloning will provide potential answers for questions and puzzles concerning cancer, aging, and in herited diseases, and will help provide a better tool for scientific health research, human and animal alike. But what exactly is gene cloning? It is a process in which a small portion of genetic information (a piece of DNA or gene) is removed from one organism, and introduced into a host cell (Wong, 4-5). In order to accomplish this, the gene is first inserted into a vector, or small piece of DNA. The vector then â€Å"acts as a vehicle† (Wong, 4-5) and transports the gene into the host cell. The act of this transportation into the host cell is called transformation, and the host cell becomes known as a â€Å"transformed† cell. This is where the gene-containing vector is replicated or â€Å"cloned† into identical cells (Wong, 31-34) Important discoveries led to this ability to clone genes. In 1970, scientists Howard Temin and David Baltimore were able to isolate the first restrictive enzymes, named Reverse Transcriptase, which cut DNA in particular locations (History of Cloning). These enzymes, after cutting the DNA, leave what are known as â€Å"sticky ends,† which are then healed by enzymes called ligase (McKinnell, 8-11). Then in 1972, Paul Berg from Stanford University successfully combined two pieces of DNA to form the firstShow MoreRelatedOverpopulation Is Not Too Late?1729 Words   |  7 Pagesfound interest in raising consciousness about the issue of overpopulation, but is it too late for the inevitable events that are to come? With the rise of technology that question has become difficult to answer as new advancements continue to do the unexpected and merely the impossible. For instance topics that are now in discussion include cloning of living organisms, colonization in other planets, and cre ation of virtual worlds. Overpopulation as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"The conditionRead MoreGenetic Engineering and Infertility1243 Words   |  5 Pagessperm movement, sperm count. To avoid male infertility you need to live a healthy life style (Mary Land University). There are many ways to cure male infertility. Drug therapy may be used to treat hormonal disorder. Surgery may be used to repair reproductive part. The most recent way to cure male infertility is gene therapy. This technique was first done at mice and it worked. They did it by correcting a defective gene in sertoli cell which help sperm to mature. They nourish the germ cells and produceRead MoreGenetic Engineering Pros And Cons1648 Words   |  7 Pagesonly in turn make the rich even wealthier and those who are poor†¦ well it would make them even more poor than they already are. CLONING: PROS: If someone is missing or has a damaged vital organ then you could copy and clone the same organ of another person, then transplant it into the unhealthy body†¦ then that body could be healthy again. Another pro for cloning is the fact that you could clone a bunch of babies and there wouldn t even be a need to have children and waste all that money onRead More Human Reproductive Cloning Should be Banned Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Reproductive Cloning Should be Banned The issues concerning human reproductive cloning are shrouded in controversy, perhaps overshadowing the true advantages of cloning technology. Therapeutic cloning, which is often misunderstood as reproductive cloning, is less controversial than the latter as it does not involve the creating of an individual being. Instead, vital stem cells are extracted from human embryos, in order to generate tissues and organs for transplant. The goal of thisRead MoreShould Cloning Be Allowed?1440 Words   |  6 Pageshuman cloning is becoming a feasible practice. Recently there has been a successful cloning of a sheep, so scientists start to speculate the different uses of cloning human embryos. The three forms of cloning that stand out are reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, and cloning for scientific research. Cloning should be permitted, but only reproductive cloning should be permitted with a limit on the number of babies a person or family can reproduce. The arguments that support cloning dependRead MoreHuman Cloning- Term Paper1576 Words   |  7 PagesShould human reproductive cloning be accepted? Based from Human Genome Project Information (n.d.), â€Å"Cloning is a term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material.† It means creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. Scientists attempted to clone animals for many years. In fact, there are hundreds of cloned animals existing today. It started in 1952 when a tadpole was cloned. But worldwide attention and concerns only aroused inRead MoreThe Debate of Human Cloning Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe journey that human cloning has taken has been one of dramatic highs and lows, heated arguments and confusion about the path ahead. When researchers witnessed the birth of the first cloned mammal, they were ecstatic, but this high ended with the tragic early death of this sheep, Dolly, due to abnormalities (Jaenisch 2004: 2787). The initial success and progress in this field fueled scientists to want to do further research into this technology, which would eventually leading to work with humanRead MoreWhat Are the Ethical Issues of Human Cloning1463 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the issue of human cloning in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia which have made attempts or have done research in reproductive cloning. Countries like Australia have prohibited human cloning in 2006. (NHMRC, 2007) Advocates who involve congress members, editorial writers, fertility specialists...and so on gave benefits of human cloning, yet not enough to justify the moral and ethical issues underlying the controversy. Human cloning refers to the creation ofRead MoreHuman Cloning- Term Paper1562 Words   |  7 PagesShould human reproductive cloning be accepted? Based from Human Genome Project Information (n.d.), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Cloning is a term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It means creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. Scientists attempted to clone animals for many years. In fact, there are hundreds of cloned animals existing today. It started in 1952 when a tadpole was cloned. But worldwide attention and concerns only arousedRead More Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Essay example1484 Words   |  6 PagesReproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Cloning is defined as the â€Å"creation of an exact copy of a living matter, such as a cell or organism† according to Encarta encyclopedia. The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with valuable traits. Cloning is a controversial topic because new areas of science often raise questions about safety. Early experiment

The Official Language of the United States Free Essays

Do you know what the official language of the United States is? If you answered English, guess again. But don’t feel bad, the vast majority of people would answer that English is the official language of the United States of America. English is the de facto language since, at this point, it is the most widely spoken language in the nation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Official Language of the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Spanish is catching up millions Hispanics speaking their native language at home, at work, and on their daily lives. This brings another point: Why is the U. S. an English-speaking country (or so you think), catering not only to the Spanish language, but to many others that you don’t even know about? Because the U. S. as a nation has never declared an official language. Many people have tried it with no success. In 1780, John Adams proposed to the Continental Congress that English should be declared the official language of the United States. His proposal was deemed â€Å"undemocratic and a threat to individual liberty. † This type of debate has been going on for years, with people on both sides of the fence. And yet, the issue isn’t any closer to a resolution than it was 200 years ago. This doesn’t mean that the individual states have not declared an official language because many already have. Twenty-seven states, to be exact, have officially declared English as their language. U. S. English . gov Let’s not forget that since 1776 we have been—and continue to be—a multilingual nation. Back then, it wasn’t uncommon to hear up to 20 different languages spoken in daily life. Today, those numbers are more staggering. According to U. S. English Inc. an advocacy group that supports declaring English as our official language, 322 languages are spoken in the country, with 24 of those spoken in every state and the District of Columbia. California has the most languages, with 207, while Wyoming has the fewest with 56. So why won’t Congress declare an official language? Because we are a nation of immigrants and these numbers prove it. Because declaring an official language would abridge the rights of individuals with limited English proficiency, individuals who are paying taxes and who are entitled to the same rights as those who speak English. To protect those rights, there is something called Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Although twenty seven states have declared English as their official language, in order to receive federal financial assistance those states still have to comply with Title VI, which requires that vital materials be available in the language of everyone receiving benefits subsidized by the Federal Government. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the 2000 Executive Order No. 3166 require that public entities receiving federal funds must have all vital documents available in every language that their clients speak; every language, not just Spanish. Why? Because the U. S. has never declared an official language and as such, the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 still applies. Basically, Title VI was best described by President John F. Kennedy in 1963: â€Å"Simple justice requires that public funds, to which all taxpayers of all races [colors, and national origins] contribute, not be spent in any fashion which encourages, entrenches, subsidizes or results in racial [color or national origin] discrimination. † How to cite The Official Language of the United States, Essay examples

A Comparison Of Freud And Fromm Essay Example For Students

A Comparison Of Freud And Fromm Essay Sigmund Freud was born in Monrovia on May 6,1856. He entered the University of Vienna in 1873 at the age of 17. He finished his degree in 1881. Freud died in England in 1939. He was an active therapist, theorist and writer to the very end. ( Ewen 19-20) Erich Fromm was born four years after Freud in 1900 in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Freud, Fromm had no medical training in his background. He received his PHD from the University of Heidelberg and later studied at Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. Erich Fromm died March 16, 1980 in Switzerland. (Ewen 187)While Freud and Fromm were contemporaries and shared some basic beliefs, their approach to most issues varied greatly. Freuds attitude was purely scientific. Fromm desired to humanize things. Fromm accepted the importance of unconscious, biological drives, repression and defense mechanisms, but rejected Freuds theory of id, ego and superego. Fromm did not believe in specific developmental stages. He believed that the growing child slowly learns to distinguish between I and not I, through contact with the environment, notably those involving the parents.(Ewen 194) Fromm contends that personality development continues into adulthood. He believes that if a child keeps up with the increasing feelings of isolation, that anxiety can be kept to a minimal and personality development proceeds normally. Freuds well-known theory is that the personality is determined during the first five years of life. He believes we proceed through a series of psychosexual stages: oral, anal, urethral, phallic, a latency period and genital. Freud contends that the genital stage is the goal of normal development and that it represents true maturity. ( Hansen 25-26)Fromm warns against pathogenic beha vior because it can damage the childs sense of reliance. He believed healthy personality is illustrated by biophilia, love, creativity and reason. ( Ewen 195-196) These characteristics compromise the productive frame of orientation. The nonproductive frames include narcissism, necrophilia, dependence, compulsive strivings for power or wealth and the mechanisms of escape. Fromm had four other nonproductive orientations that he devoted a great deal of attention to. These were receptive, exploitative, hoarding and marketing. Three of these orientations can be loosely compared to Freuds oral-dependent, oral-sadistic and anal character without the sexual implications. Freud and Fromm both believed that dreams are the royal road to the unconscious. ( Ewen 198) Fromm agreed with Freud that dreams could serve the purpose of wish fulfillment, that the days events set them off, and that a person may conceal truths in different ways. While both men believed in dream symbols, Freud believed most dreams involved childhood sexual impulses and Fromm regarded many symbols as asexual. Fromm believed that dreams could have obvious and undisguised meanings that did not have to involve childhood conflicts. To understand Fromms approach to clinical diagnosis, his theory of character must first be understood. His theory of character development was that humans are distinguished from other animals by a larger neocortex with fewer instincts. Character shapes human instinct. Human survival is not merely a matter of physical survival, humans are social animals who must relate to others, and they are spiritual animals who must infuse their lives with meaning in order to function. Humans require a sense of hope to keep from turning off. They also require caring adults in the early years to be teachers that teach them to control their fears and passions and live in harmony with others. Religion both sacred and secular can give meaning to life and give a sense of identity and rootness. Fromm accepted Freuds definition of mental health saying that it is the capacity for love and productive work. Fromm also agreed with Freud in saying that psychopathology represents a difference in degree, rather than in kind. Fromm states that besides pathogenic behaviors that neurosis is often caused by the culture in which one lives. He says that neurosis consists of a conflict between two opposing forces. Which is when our healthy innate drives toward self-realization and independence are blocked by parental or societal influences. Freud states that neurosis invariably begins in infancy and childhood, however it may not become evident until much later in life. Some causes of neurosis is a lack of physical affection, overindulgence or too much frustration during a psychosexual stage will result in harmful fixations, or a child may suffer from traumatic events. .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 , .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .postImageUrl , .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 , .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:hover , .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:visited , .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:active { border:0!important; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:active , .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6 .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0bb4faa588062397fe633846eb4b9b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who Discoverd America EssayFreud and Fromm both shared the conviction that the truth will set man free, (www.maccoby.com) but Fromm moves in a different direction from Freuds emphasis on psychoanalysis as a process that patiently uncovers and interrupts resistance in order to regain lost memories. Both Freud and Fromm defined psychoanalysis as the art of making the unconscious conscious, both recognize that we resist knowing the truth and that resistances must be overcome. Their views of resistance vary however. Fromm believed repression is a constantly recurring process. He believed a person resists perceiving and knowing out of fear of seeing more than society allows or because the truth would force one to experience ones irrationality or powerlessness. Freud defined resistance more narrowly. He described it as repressed, unconscious wishes to maintain infantile sexual fantasies, and the childhood fear of being punished because of ones libidinal impulses, act as resistance to memory. These repressions cause neurotic patterns. Freud believed the key to analyzing and overcoming resistance is transference. The patient transfers desire and fear onto the analyst who becomes a substitute for figures of the past. Resistance will be overcome only if the acting out within analysis is interpreted and transformed into memories which can be worked through and reintegrated into a more mature psyche. Fromm proposed a broader concept of transference. He believed the analyst represents infantile authority, like the mother who solves all of her childs problems or the father who is never satisfied with his sons accomplishments. Instead of facing reality independently the patient continues to transfer interpersonal struggles and wishes. Fromms approach tended to strengthen this type of transference and with it the patients resistance to remembering. Freuds approach to technique could be more democratic than Fromms, especially since Freud did not try to force fit the patient into a formula. Freud did advocate rules in the doctor-patient relationship, in part to protect himself. Freud did not like to be stared at all day; thus the patient lies on a couch and cannot see the analyst. Fromm on the other hand liked the humanistic face to face encounter. Sometimes his piercing eyes would freeze the patient and his intensity could provoke defensive reactions. Freud saw the analyst as a professional with technical training who should have a love of truth, a broad education in the arts and sciences, and knowledge of his own unconscious. Another subject that Fromm and Freud had different opinions on was religion. Fromm has been described as deeply religious, but still not believing in God. His childhood included a strong Jewish influence, but he rejected it because he wanted no part of organized religion. The most important aspect of religion for Fromm personally was the hope it offered. He praised loving thy neighbor as thyself as the most important standard for living.( Ewen 202) Fromm did contend that religion could have harmful effects. He felt religious organizations prohibition of birth control, could stifle healthy growth and development. He did not like the idea of so many different religions preaching different beliefs. He preferred to emphasize the commonness of all humanity. Freud regarded religious beliefs to be extremely harmful to the individual and society. He viewed religion as a regression to infancy, when a helpless baby needed protection of an all-powerful parent.( Ewen 60) He hated religious ideas such as life continues after death and that all good is r