A literature review of disinfectants commonly used

A literature review of disinfectants commonly used The purpose for this literature review was to examine the literature currently available to the general public on the application of a range of disinfectants used within a microbiology laboratory in both the public e.g. hospital laboratories and the private sector e.g. university laboratories. This literature review was carried out on the effectiveness of disinfectants so that previous and current knowledge on the use of these disinfectants can be analysed. This will help give an insight into the subject area and help with the preparation and production of the final report based on the research being carried during the literature review and research project. The main purpose of the research project being conducted was to compare the effectiveness of a variety of disinfectants especially Trigene which has been endorsed for use in the microbiology laboratories of the Greater Glasgow and Clyde health board and that of Virkon which is currently used by the microbiology laboratory at the University of the West of Scotland. The literature examined showed that the disinfectants used in clinical laboratories and any other area where microorganisms can cause a problem with cross-contamination, should be evaluated for their effectiveness against the range of organisms which might be encountered. It is an important requirement that the disinfectants being used are able to inhibit or kill the microorganisms quickly and by using the lowest concentration available. (Isenberg, 1985) A study conducted by Kasthjerg et al (2010) which looked at the effects of a range of disinfectants on the expression of virulence genes present in the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This study showed that effects on the virulence gene in the bacterium could be linked to the chemicals found in the disinfectant with some causing an inhibition of the gene while others showed an induction of the gene Disinfectants A disinfectant is a chemical which is widely used to eradicate a variety of microor ganisms that are currently found in the samples received into a laboratory or are currently used within an educational setting for the teaching of microbiology to students. Disinfectants can have any of the following chemicals as their main active ingredient: halogenated tertiary amines, chlorine containing compounds, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds and peroxygen’s. (Tyski et al, 2009) Thus the disinfectants can be divided into groups relating to the chemical present as the active ingredient and these groups will be discussed later in the report. It is important that certain criteria are met when classifying a chemical as a disinfectant, these include:- That the chemical components of the disinfectant will not have an adverse effect on the health of the user and if any health issue is realised then appropriate action can be taken to remove this risk i.e. use PPE such as gloves or respiratory mask. (Severs & Lamontagne, 2002) It. is also important that the disinfectant has the ability to render inactive or kill a wide range of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria and fungi. (Severs & Lamontagne, 2002) It is also important that a disinfectant does not have an adverse effect when used on equipment.

Information Systems for Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Systems for Management - Essay Example Getting closer to the customer and maintaining valuable relationships with members along the supply chain are some of the major issues circulating around the companies at present. Web-based selling, sales force automation and integrated customer service are the technologies and buzzwords that are fast becoming a company's focus point. In addition to that, the customers are busy dealing with so many things at the same time that they don't have time to personally visit physical locations or wait in lines to do their respective duties. They rather prefer doing business with companies that provide them with ease and comfort and as little hassle as possible; these are the companies that have web-based systems. The paper that follows will identify the types of web-based systems and how essential they are for companies to be competitive, retain their market share, satisfy existing customers and attract new ones. E banking is one of the web-based systems that a bank may use to improve its relationship with its customers or suppliers and effectively carry out its business. E banking involves all the banking activities that can be carried out from home, business or while on the road without being at a physical bank location. It is the new way of doing business with a bank and has brought about the hassle free way of conducting business. It incorporates many advantages for the banks as well as the customers. An example of a bank using e banking facilities is the Wells Fargo bank. The customers are facilitated greatly because they can do several activities like: View account balances at any time of the day Receive personal bank account statements Pay bills without the need to stand in queues Download their account transactions on their personal PCs Funds transfer between accounts Can handle their finances while traveling Can perform any bank related activity whenever it's feasible for them. Advantages of E banking are: Real time banking- can be done from anywhere at any time. Saves time- customers don't need to stand in lines to pay bills or personally visit a bank to carry out transactions. Convenience- customers don't need to cramp all their banking activities in the 9 to 5 banking hours; they can do everything at their own convenience. Attract more customers- the banks are able to attract those customers as well who are in remote areas and were previously discouraged by the far away location of the physical bank. Increased customer base- banks offering e-banking facilities are able to enjoy a large customer base and hence a competitive edge over traditional banks. Saving of costs- the banks are able to save the cost of paper transactions and the cost of hiring extra employees to deal with the large amount of customers. Disadvantages of E banking are: Losing valuable customers- if the main server is down and the customers are unable to process their transactions, they'll be dissatisfied and prefer not to do business with that bank the next time and the bank will lose current and prospective customers as well. Maintenance issues- the bank will need to hire expert personnel to deal with maintenance issues and proper handling of the expert systems. Security issues- hackers are a potential threat to both customers and the bank. Higher costs- the banks need to install costly safety systems such as firewalls to ensure safety and reliability of the systems. There are some implementation issues with

Chapter Questions From Global health 101 richard skolnik book Essay

Chapter Questions From Global health 101 richard skolnik book - Essay Example Global health is the science that prioritizes health improvement and equity in the global context (Skolnik 7). Medical approach focuses on the individual while public health focuses on the population. medical approach is a personalized service while public health is a public service. Medical approach focuses on diagnosis of the ailment, treatment and care of the individual while public health focuses on prevention and health promotion in the society (Skolnik 7). Millennium development goals are a crucial part of a country’s development effort. The nations declared to meet the goals by 2015. The goal to reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat disease are related to health (Skolnik 10). The keys to eradication of smallpox include advances in technology, cooperation between global health actors and government commitment. The lesson learnt is leadership and commitment are key to a successful global health program (Skolnik